In the very early stages, day-to-day memory problems dominate but these can be subtle so it can be hard to tell if they are due to the normal ageing process. Early warning signs to look out for include:
- Losing or misplacing things
- Becoming confused in familiar places
- Taking longer to carry out everyday tasks
- Changes in mood
In this stage of Alzheimer’s disease, the problems with memory become more pronounced and other cognitive processes also start to become affected. People may:
- Tell the same stories or ask the same question repeatedly
- Have difficulty recognising family members or friends
- Have word-finding difficulties or non-fluent speech
- Show a lack of concern over their appearance
- Experience changes in mood and personality
In this stage, the disease spreads to engulf most parts of the brain and the person has what is termed ‘a global dementia’. All areas of cognition are severely affected but there are also problems with physical functioning. People at this stage of disease may:
- Be unable to remember their own name or recognise close family members
- Suffer from bladder and bowel incontinence
- Experience visual/auditory hallucinations
- Develop repetitive or ritualistic behaviours
- Need help with even the most basic activities of daily living